What is Neuro-Linguistic Programing (NLP) ?
Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) is an interpersonal communications model and an alternative approach to psychotherapy based on the subjective study of language, communication and personal change. It was co-founded by Richard Bandler and linguist John Grinder in the 1970s as a method of personal change and communications. The focus was practical, modeling three successful psychotherapists, Virginia Satir, Milton Erickson and Fritz Perls. The theoretical foundations borrow from work related to these models and disciplines related to communication and the mind, including psychology, linguistics, cognitive science, and occupational therapy.
Today, variants and applications of NLP are often found in seminars, workshops, in the form of exercises and principles intended to influence change in self and others. There are some common principles and presuppositions shared by proponents, NLP aims to increase choice in the underlying representations so that the individual has more choice and flexibility in the world
Some of the main concepts of NLP
-
The way an individual thinks about a problem or desired outcome has an effect on the way he or she will contend with problems, and go about achieving goals, in the world. More specifically, mental representations of problems, wishes and desired outcomes, what people see, hear, feel, taste and smell in their mind is crucial to determining state and, therefore, action necessary to achieve outcomes.
- Rather than just listening to and responding to what a person is saying, NLP aims to also respond to the non-verbal cues outwardly expressed in voice tone, gesture, posture, facial expression and eye movements. It is claimed that these non-verbal cues reveal information that would not typically be available to someone distracted by preconceptions or expectations. Further, it is claimed that the non-verbal cues also reveal information about the current state and mode of thinking.
- On the one hand, clarifying what has been left out or distorted in communication is often useful for getting sensory specific evidence for some goal or outcome. On the other hand, non-specific and metaphoric language can assist someone to find their own solutions to problems by allowing them to fill in the gaps and make their own meaning from what is being said. Reframing, which uses a combination of these methods, aims to challenge faulty thinking and irrational beliefs by helping someone see a problem or sticking point in a new light.
- People can recall resourceful states and anchor from their own personal experience or model states by imitating others. It is claimed that the recollection of resourceful states can be enhanced through various techniques including manipulation of sub modalities, adjusting the size, brightness and location of visual imagery or equivalent properties of representations in the other sensory modalities.